Korean traditional roof tiles, or 'Giwa', are emblematic of the country's rich cultural history and exceptional craftsmanship. From royal palaces to humble dwellings, these tiles have been an integral part of Korean architecture for centuries. In this blog post, we delve into the art of Korean traditional roof tile making, exploring its history, techniques, and cultural significance.
A Historical Overview
The art of making Giwa dates back to the Three Kingdoms Period (57 BC - 668 AD), but it wasn't until the Unified Silla Period (668 - 935 AD) that tiled roofs became widespread. These tiles were initially reserved for Buddhist temples and royal buildings, symbolizing status and nobility.
However, during the Joseon Dynasty (1392 - 1910), the use of Giwa expanded to commoners' homes. The tiles, with their durability and practicality, soon became a standard feature of Korean traditional houses, known as Hanok.
The Art of Making Giwa
The process of making Giwa involves several stages, each requiring meticulous attention to detail and a deep understanding of the materials and techniques.
Firstly, the artisan selects and prepares the clay. This clay is then molded into a flat rectangular shape to form the body of the tile. A semi-cylindrical mold is used to shape the tile, giving it its distinctive curve.
Once shaped, the tiles are dried naturally before being fired in a kiln. The firing process, which takes several days, requires precise control over the temperature to ensure the tiles achieve their characteristic hardness and color.
Lastly, the finished tiles are cooled and inspected for quality. Each tile is unique, with subtle variations in color and texture that add to their beauty.
Cultural Significance of Giwa
Giwa is not just a functional element of Korean architecture; it also carries significant cultural and symbolic meanings. The shape of the tiles, reminiscent of the eaves of a traditional Hanok, is believed to represent the wings of a bird in flight, symbolizing freedom and aspiration.
Furthermore, Giwa roofs are also reflective of Korean philosophy and aesthetics. The natural materials, combined with the craftsmanship involved in their making, embody the Korean ethos of living in harmony with nature.
The aesthetic appeal of Giwa roofs, with their rhythmic curves and earthy colors, is a defining feature of Korean architectural beauty. These roofs add a sense of grace and tranquility to the landscape, embodying the Korean concept of 'Yin and Yang' balance.
Conclusion
The art of Korean traditional roof tile making is a testament to the country's rich cultural heritage and craftsmanship. While modernization has led to a decline in traditional tile-making, efforts are underway to preserve and revitalize this age-old art form.
Today, Giwa continues to grace the rooftops of Hanoks, temples, and palaces, serving as a reminder of Korea's historical past. Its enduring presence is a tribute to the artisans who, through their skill and dedication, have kept this traditional craft alive.
In essence, the story of Giwa is not just about roof tiles. It's a narrative of Korean history, culture, and aesthetics, and of an art form that, with its blend of functionality and beauty, encapsulates the spirit of traditional Korean architecture. As we look to the future, the art of making Giwa serves as an enduring symbol of Korea's cultural legacy.
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